5 thoughts on “What are the ways of food and cultural exchanges?”
Naomi
There are many channels for Chinese and foreign food and cultural exchanges in history. There are six major types: . Zhang Jian's exchanges on the Northwest Land Silk Road represented by Zhang Jian; Food and cultural exchanges in Buddhist cultural exchanges; . The cultural exchanges between the cultural and commercial exchanges of the tribute to the businessman as the main body of the businessman; . Maritime exchanges; . The role of missionaries on Chinese and foreign food culture exchanges; 6. Overseas Chinese's foreign effect on food culture. The exchange between ancient Chinese and Western food culture is from less to more, from single to rich. Prior to the Ming Dynasty, the communication channels were mainly commodity trade and envoy visit. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the communication channels were continuously enriched and expanded. There were not only words and deeds of commodity trade and exhibitions, and exhibitions, but also the establishment of restaurants and restaurants, professional works, and school education. It Han and Yuan dynasties, the communication channels of Chinese and Western food culture only focused on commodity trade and envoys. The most common is that Westerners through commodity trade, by expressing their own opinions or writing into writing, spread Chinese food raw materials, catering appliances and dietary customs to Western countries. Customs and others are displayed to the Chinese. Among them, in terms of introducing Chinese food ingredients, catering appliances and dietary customs, the Italian Marco Polo has contributed greatly. The Irish Morris Cleus pointed out: The book "is not a simple travel notes, but an enlightenment work. For the occlusal Europeans, it is tantamount to deafening and showing a new knowledge area and vision for Europeans. The significance of this book lies in it that leads to the extensive rejuvenation of European humanities. " In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the ways of Chinese and Western food and cultural exchanges were continuously enriched and expanded, mainly including 4 aspects. First, commodity trade and display. At this time, the Dutch businessmen such as Britain, France, the United States, and Chinese trade exchanged with China. The largest goods purchased were tea and porcelain. The commodity exhibition is mainly the World Expo. According to Chen Zhanbiao's "Expo in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China", from the first World Expo in 1851, to the previous World Expo in 1911, there were Chinese tea and porcelain display, and occasionally there were honey, soybeans and its products. Second, the personnel of the exchanges speak of their body teaching. There are many types of personnel, including diplomatic envoys, missionaries, international students, businessmen, travelers and other personnel. They consciously or unconsciously spread Chinese and Western cultures including food culture. Among them, Western missionaries are outstanding. From the perspective of the Jesuit missionaries who came to China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were names for those who had names, and there were 467 people in the "Biography and Books in the Chinese Jesuit". There are 920 people. The subjective purpose of their to China was to spread Catholicism, but objectively not only spread Western culture to China, but also brought back and translated Chinese classics, writing letters or writing, etc. "Collection", etc., introduces China in many ways of western society, including Chinese food raw materials, dishes and its method, dietary customs, etc. In addition, diplomatic envoys, international students, businessmen, etc. from China to Western countries also have some writings and related introductions, such as Zhang Deyi of the Qing Dynasty, "Navigation" and "Russia and Russia", Li Gui "Traveling around the earth's new new Record? Beauty Society ", Guo Fengming's" Italian World Expo Ji "and so on. Third, open restaurants and restaurants. This is the most specific image and visible and tasteable way to spread the Chinese and Western food culture. Most Chinese restaurants in Western countries were opened by Chinese people who moved to overseas in the Qing Dynasty. These immigrants have lack of better living skills due to war, disasters, or forcing their livelihoods. They often choose Chinese restaurants that are relatively easy to open, produce Chinese cuisine, and objectively spread Chinese food culture to the world, just like Americans Philip Fernandez said: "The spread of Chinese cooking in the world is immigrant -style, not imperial style." And Western restaurants and Western restaurants have appeared in a large number of the Opium War, and China has been forced to establish a large number of commercial ports. At first, it was only for foreign diasporas, and it started to open to the Chinese until the beginning of the 20th century. At that time, there were Six Kingdoms Hotel, Dechang Hotel, Changan Hotel, and Western -style restaurants such as Weicha Hotel, Huizhong Hotel, Dahua Hotel, etc. "
We all know that due to the differences in the environment, their eating habits will also be different. Then they can be used through the nature of the cultural exchanges of the transnational chairman or the establishment of a cultural exchange organization. In history, they have the Silk Road in the Western Regions, and the Xuanzang Westward Journey. Population migration is also an important way and way to cultural exchanges.
There are many ways to cultural exchanges. For example, one, Zhang Jian's exchanges on the Northwest Land Road Silk Road represented by Zhang Jian; . Food and cultural exchanges in Buddhist cultural exchanges represented by Xuanzang West Behavior; Cultural exchanges in the cultural and commercial exchanges with businessmen as the main body; . The government represented by Zheng He's large -scale maritime exchanges; . Function; 6. Overseas Chinese's external effect on food culture
Marco Polo's "China Notes" The introduction of foreign food culture in foreign food culture was introduced in the Western Han Dynasty. Zhang Jian brought the western region and brought the catering culture of the border areas and ethnic minorities into the Mainland. On the one hand, we have introduced rich ingredients and raw materials, and on the other hand, many cooking techniques and methods are also introduced. The opening of the Tang Dynasty made foreign customers in and out at any time, bringing many out -of -domain food. During the Ming Dynasty: Sea Road Shipping introduced many foods from the Nanyang Islands. Jesus missionaries and Western businessmen came to China to bring Western food culture into China.
The ways of food and cultural exchanges are: Trading activities: When businessmen conduct trade activities, they not only communicate the rich culture contained in goods through commodity exchange, but also communicate the culture through the interaction process between people. Population migration: The migration of population since human beings has not stopped. Each large -scale population migration means a large -scale cultural communication, which will have a great impact on the local economy, politics, and culture. Population migration is one of the important ways of cultural exchanges. Education: Education is another important way for cultural communication. People can obtain different cultural knowledge by studying various cultural courses.
There are many channels for Chinese and foreign food and cultural exchanges in history. There are six major types:
. Zhang Jian's exchanges on the Northwest Land Silk Road represented by Zhang Jian; Food and cultural exchanges in Buddhist cultural exchanges;
. The cultural exchanges between the cultural and commercial exchanges of the tribute to the businessman as the main body of the businessman;
. Maritime exchanges;
. The role of missionaries on Chinese and foreign food culture exchanges;
6. Overseas Chinese's foreign effect on food culture.
The exchange between ancient Chinese and Western food culture is from less to more, from single to rich. Prior to the Ming Dynasty, the communication channels were mainly commodity trade and envoy visit. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the communication channels were continuously enriched and expanded. There were not only words and deeds of commodity trade and exhibitions, and exhibitions, but also the establishment of restaurants and restaurants, professional works, and school education.
It Han and Yuan dynasties, the communication channels of Chinese and Western food culture only focused on commodity trade and envoys. The most common is that Westerners through commodity trade, by expressing their own opinions or writing into writing, spread Chinese food raw materials, catering appliances and dietary customs to Western countries. Customs and others are displayed to the Chinese. Among them, in terms of introducing Chinese food ingredients, catering appliances and dietary customs, the Italian Marco Polo has contributed greatly. The Irish Morris Cleus pointed out: The book "is not a simple travel notes, but an enlightenment work. For the occlusal Europeans, it is tantamount to deafening and showing a new knowledge area and vision for Europeans. The significance of this book lies in it that leads to the extensive rejuvenation of European humanities. "
In the Ming and Qing dynasties, the ways of Chinese and Western food and cultural exchanges were continuously enriched and expanded, mainly including 4 aspects. First, commodity trade and display. At this time, the Dutch businessmen such as Britain, France, the United States, and Chinese trade exchanged with China. The largest goods purchased were tea and porcelain. The commodity exhibition is mainly the World Expo. According to Chen Zhanbiao's "Expo in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China", from the first World Expo in 1851, to the previous World Expo in 1911, there were Chinese tea and porcelain display, and occasionally there were honey, soybeans and its products. Second, the personnel of the exchanges speak of their body teaching. There are many types of personnel, including diplomatic envoys, missionaries, international students, businessmen, travelers and other personnel. They consciously or unconsciously spread Chinese and Western cultures including food culture. Among them, Western missionaries are outstanding. From the perspective of the Jesuit missionaries who came to China during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were names for those who had names, and there were 467 people in the "Biography and Books in the Chinese Jesuit". There are 920 people. The subjective purpose of their to China was to spread Catholicism, but objectively not only spread Western culture to China, but also brought back and translated Chinese classics, writing letters or writing, etc. "Collection", etc., introduces China in many ways of western society, including Chinese food raw materials, dishes and its method, dietary customs, etc.
In addition, diplomatic envoys, international students, businessmen, etc. from China to Western countries also have some writings and related introductions, such as Zhang Deyi of the Qing Dynasty, "Navigation" and "Russia and Russia", Li Gui "Traveling around the earth's new new Record? Beauty Society ", Guo Fengming's" Italian World Expo Ji "and so on. Third, open restaurants and restaurants. This is the most specific image and visible and tasteable way to spread the Chinese and Western food culture. Most Chinese restaurants in Western countries were opened by Chinese people who moved to overseas in the Qing Dynasty. These immigrants have lack of better living skills due to war, disasters, or forcing their livelihoods. They often choose Chinese restaurants that are relatively easy to open, produce Chinese cuisine, and objectively spread Chinese food culture to the world, just like Americans Philip Fernandez said: "The spread of Chinese cooking in the world is immigrant -style, not imperial style." And Western restaurants and Western restaurants have appeared in a large number of the Opium War, and China has been forced to establish a large number of commercial ports. At first, it was only for foreign diasporas, and it started to open to the Chinese until the beginning of the 20th century. At that time, there were Six Kingdoms Hotel, Dechang Hotel, Changan Hotel, and Western -style restaurants such as Weicha Hotel, Huizhong Hotel, Dahua Hotel, etc. "
We all know that due to the differences in the environment, their eating habits will also be different. Then they can be used through the nature of the cultural exchanges of the transnational chairman or the establishment of a cultural exchange organization. In history, they have the Silk Road in the Western Regions, and the Xuanzang Westward Journey. Population migration is also an important way and way to cultural exchanges.
There are many ways to cultural exchanges. For example, one, Zhang Jian's exchanges on the Northwest Land Road Silk Road represented by Zhang Jian;
. Food and cultural exchanges in Buddhist cultural exchanges represented by Xuanzang West Behavior; Cultural exchanges in the cultural and commercial exchanges with businessmen as the main body;
. The government represented by Zheng He's large -scale maritime exchanges;
. Function;
6. Overseas Chinese's external effect on food culture
Marco Polo's "China Notes" The introduction of foreign food culture in foreign food culture was introduced in the Western Han Dynasty. Zhang Jian brought the western region and brought the catering culture of the border areas and ethnic minorities into the Mainland. On the one hand, we have introduced rich ingredients and raw materials, and on the other hand, many cooking techniques and methods are also introduced. The opening of the Tang Dynasty made foreign customers in and out at any time, bringing many out -of -domain food. During the Ming Dynasty: Sea Road Shipping introduced many foods from the Nanyang Islands. Jesus missionaries and Western businessmen came to China to bring Western food culture into China.
The ways of food and cultural exchanges are:
Trading activities: When businessmen conduct trade activities, they not only communicate the rich culture contained in goods through commodity exchange, but also communicate the culture through the interaction process between people. Population migration: The migration of population since human beings has not stopped. Each large -scale population migration means a large -scale cultural communication, which will have a great impact on the local economy, politics, and culture. Population migration is one of the important ways of cultural exchanges. Education: Education is another important way for cultural communication. People can obtain different cultural knowledge by studying various cultural courses.